Grab a small fridge magnet—the stronger the better. Touch it to the exposed pipe. Lead is not magnetic, so if the magnet slides right off, you might have a problem. If it sticks, you’re likely dealing with steel or galvanized iron, which is less alarming (though still not perfect).
This test works especially well on service lines—the pipe connecting your house to the city main. You’ll usually find this in your basement wall or near your water meter. Pro tip: If your pipe is painted, scrape a little off first to get a clean surface.
Imagine you’re in a noir film: one scratch, one magnet, and you’re cracking the case of your own water supply. It’s oddly satisfying.